U.S. Forest Service Deals Devastating Blow to Sacred Lands and Local Communities in New Mexico’s Caja del Rio

Anna Zawisza • September 11, 2024

U.S. Forest Service Deals Devastating Blow to Sacred Lands and Local Communities in New Mexico’s Caja del Rio 


Decision Opens the Door for a Power Transmission Line through Sacred Landscape; Ignores Tribal Interests, and Renewable Energy and Location Alternatives



SANTA FE, NM - Yesterday the Santa Fe National Forest released a draft Decision approving a proposal by the Los Alamos National Laboratory to construct a new 14-mile transmission line across public land managed by the Santa Fe National Forest and the Bureau of Land Management, which includes the Caja del Rio Plateau southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico.


The Forest Service’s draft decision ignores the immense opposition to the project by Tribal sovereign nations in the region, including the All Pueblo Council of Governors, and the thousands of public comments that were registered opposing it. The construction of the transmission line is an imminent threat to the delicate ecological balance of the Caja, to the public’s access to these lands and to the health of its waterways, wildlife habitats and cultural resources. 


The decision marks a surprising about-face for the Forest Service, which established the Caja Del Rio Wildlife and Cultural Interpretive Management Area in 2022 to, in part, protect this landscape from transmission lines and other forms of development. The Forest Service also did not require the project to go through the standard and more rigorous Environmental Impact Statement process and instead allowed a short-cut review through an Environmental Assessment, seemingly knowing it couldn’t be approved otherwise. 


The decision comes after the All Pueblo Council of Governors (APCG) took action on June 27, 2024, to pass APCG Resolution 2024-01, which called on the Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to pause the planning of the proposed project in order for a Pueblo led study to be conducted, identifying important cultural resource information.


“This area and the living gifts it holds are invaluable to the past, present, and future of our communities. These desecrations are a reminder that we must work together to be as proactive as possible in preservation of this sacred landscape. A tribally-led ethnographic study will ensure our Pueblos have the opportunity to adequately inform agencies of the living nature of this place in relation to our communities, how those resources should be managed, and the potential cultural impacts of proposed federal projects," said Governor Milton Herrera, Pueblo of Tesuque, in a APCG press release.


The Caja del Rio coalition, a group of Indigenous, Hispano and faith leaders, hunters, anglers, conservation and Indigenous climate justice organizations working to gain long-lasting protection for the Caja del Rio areas, issued the following statements in response to the draft decision notice:


"Streamlining this project without proper cultural and archaeological assessments disregards the ancestral and traditional ties the surrounding Pueblos have to this landscape. The protection of cultural and natural resources, vital biodiversity and ecosystems are directly tied to the health and well-being of our Pueblo communities. We can not allow a decision that disrespects our traditional lifeways and cultural preservation. Our future generations deserve more."

– Julia Bernal, Executive Director, Pueblo Action Alliance.


"This is a blatant violation of the public trust and complete disregard of the valid objections outlined by local communities who have deep, ancestral ties to the Caja del Rio. The Forest Service is not only gambling with an irreplaceable landscape that supports traditional uses like hunting, fishing, and livestock production, but they are also rewriting their own management plan to push this ill-conceived project through, sidestepping important environmental review processes. We will file our objection and call on all those who care about the Caja to stay engaged and resist this reckless decision during this critical time."

– Romir Lahiri, Associate Program Director, Conservation Lands Foundation


“The Caja del Rio is a treasured landscape, rich with history and cultural significance, connected to Bandelier National Monument directly across the río, that should not be turned into an industrial zone. This is a place where generations have come to connect with the land, and we have a responsibility to protect the Caja landscape for the future. Moving forward with such a proposal violates the public trust and disregards the local communities with strong connections to this place and its cultural history. This is an opportunity to rethink energy development that protects land and people, and the Forest Service is well equipped to be a leader in this approach.” 

– Maude Dinan, New Mexico Program Manager, National Parks Conservation Association


"The Forest Service has chosen to ignore the voices of local communities and the cumulative, adverse impacts that a transmission line will pose to the cultural, environmental and historical values of the Caja del Rio. This disappointing decision paves the way for irreversible damage to a landscape that should be protected, not destroyed. This is a sad day for New Mexico’s diverse cultures and rich tradition that are so deeply connected to this sacred landscape.”

- Reverend Andrew Black, EarthKeepers 360 


“What have we become if we are even considering degrading irreplaceable natural and cultural heirlooms like the Caja in the name of technological advancement that will make us more “secure.” The land, its water, wildlife and cultural sanctity are the very bedrock of our security. Exceptional places like this are our fragile tether to the universe and the core of our very identity and regional origins. If we continue to degrade and forsake jewels like this, we have forsaken the very future of generations that follow in our footsteps.”

- Garrett VeneKlasen, Northern Conservation Director, NM Wild

About the Caja del Rio


The Caja has been inhabited by local and Indigenous communities since time immemorial, with evidence of human occupation going back over 12,000 years. The Caja contains thousands of sacred sites, structures, petroglyphs, irrigation systems, and other cultural resources and Pueblos continue to use this cultural landscape and maintain a connection to it through ongoing traditional use of flora and fauna and cultural religious practices, including storytelling, songs, pilgrimage, and prayer. 


The Caja also retains deep historical significance for traditional local Hispanic communities and is home to one of the most iconic stretches of the famed El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the longest Euro-American trade route in North America that ran from Mexico City to Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo. The proposed transmission line will impact one of the oldest sections of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro that was utilized from 1598-1610, before the capital was moved from Ohkay Owingeh to Santa Fe.


Local governments, including the City of Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, and San Miguel County, have adopted resolutions affirming that the Caja is “one of the United States’ most iconic landscapes, an area of profound cultural, historical, archaeological, and ecological significance.” The Board of Directors for the Northern Río Grande National Heritage Area has likewise recognized the significance of the Caja landscape.


To learn more about the history and importance of the Caja del Rio plateau and to receive notices on opportunities to engage, visit cajadelrio.org.


###

By Conservation Lands Foundation October 30, 2025
Washington, D.C. – The U.S. Senate voted today to approve a Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolution to dismantle the Bureau of Land Management’s Integrated Activity Plan that protects 13.3 million acres of irreplaceable public lands and waters in the Western Arctic (called the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA).  This legally-questionable use of the CRA will erase years of public engagement and scientific collaboration, overturning balanced management that supports Indigenous communities, wildlife, and the global climate. Once the U.S. House of Representatives passes it and the president signs it, as is expected, vast swaths of the Reserve will be open to expanded industrial oil and gas development, an action that directly undermines commitments to Tribal sovereignty, biodiversity, and climate resilience in one of the fastest-warming regions on Earth. Below is a statement from Jocelyn Torres, Chief Conservation Officer for the Conservation Lands Foundation: “Using the Congressional Review Act to undo protections in the Western Arctic is reckless and a deliberate attack on the Alaska Native communities that have cared for these lands for generations and were involved in establishing the framework that protects these lands. The Integrated Activity Plan represents years of collaboration between Tribes, local communities, scientists, and the American public to ensure the survival of vital and sensitive landscapes including Teshekpuk Lake and the Utukok Uplands. “Repealing this plan will further expose the region’s wildlife and people to devastating and irrevocable industrial impacts, all to serve short-term fossil fuel interests in a place already warming at four times the global average. It will also continue a dangerous new precedent that began earlier this month empowering Congress through the CRA to wreak havoc on how the public’s lands are managed across the country, jeopardizing the stability and predictability that communities and industries alike depend on. “The American people have made their priorities clear: they want clean air, safe water, and healthy public lands that future generations can enjoy. We will continue to stand with local communities and fight these extreme measures that decimate the natural environment that the people and wildlife of the Western Arctic depend on.” Background The National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA) is the largest unit of public land in the United States, encompassing nearly 23 million acres of critical habitat for caribou, polar bears, muskox, migratory birds, and fish. More than 40 Indigenous communities depend on the Reserve for subsistence and cultural practices that have persisted for millennia. In 2024, following extensive consultation with Alaska Native Tribes and corporations, the Biden administration finalized a rule restoring and strengthening protections for 13.3 million acres of Special Areas within the Reserve—Teshekpuk Lake, Utukok Uplands, Colville River, Kasegaluk Lagoon, and Peard Bay. This plan balanced subsistence needs with responsible land management and was widely supported by the public, with more than 250,000 comments favoring conservation. ###
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 15, 2025
Public Land Protection IS Climate Action! The Conservation Lands Foundation partnered with Patagonia during NYC Climate Week 2025 for a powerful in-person conversation about the vital connection between public land conservation and climate resilience. We brought together leaders from the front lines of public land protection campaigns across the West to share their experiences, insights, and practical ideas for how each of us can play a role in protecting the nature and wild places that sustain us all. Our Panel Featured: Chris Hill , CEO, Conservation Lands Foundation (moderator) U.S. Representative Melanie Stansbury (D-New Mexico) Carleton Bowekaty , Zuni Tribe, Policy Director of Bears Ears Partnership Caroline Gleich , professional athlete & climate activist Ryan Callaghan , VP of Conservation at MeatEater and North American Board Chair of Backcountry Hunters & Anglers Watch the Full Conversation From Indigenous-led conservation to the intersection of outdoor recreation and stewardship, this discussion explores why protecting public lands is one of our most powerful tools in the fight against climate change. Watch the full panel below:
By Shi-Lynn Campbell October 6, 2025
While National Conservation Lands are generally protected from oil and gas development, adjacent leasing and drilling can undermine their ecological integrity and conservation values. Oil and gas planning and leasing remains a critical area of engagement to safeguard vulnerable BLM lands—including Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs) and lands with wilderness characteristics—that may be eligible for future conservation designations. This training will provide an overview of how the Bureau of Land Management’s oil and gas program works—from long-range planning in Resource Management Plans (RMPs) to individual lease sales—and how the Friends Grassroots Network can effectively engage at every stage. Participants will learn how oil and gas development decisions are made on public lands, including how areas are designated for leasing, how lease sales are conducted, and where public input fits into the process. The attached resources will also cover threats to public lands and conservation goals posed by recent policy shifts, administrative rollbacks, or expanded leasing efforts. Explore: How the oil and gas program is structured and how decisions move from RMPs to lease sales. Where and when grassroots advocates can intervene effectively. Strategies for submitting public comments, organizing community pressure, and using local media and storytelling to elevate. About our presenters: Nashoba Consulting was formed by Nada Wolff Culver, former Principal Deputy Director for the BLM, and Natalie Landreth, former Deputy Solicitor for Lands for the Department of the Interior, to connect Tribes and the public with their public lands - and each other - drawing from their extensive experience working with advocates and the federal government on public lands and Tribal policy issues. 📚 Resources From The Webinar: CLF Workshop - Oil and Gas 101 DOI New NEPA Regs - Guidance - Advocating for Public Lands Current DOI Authority Governing Lease Sales BLM Planning Process Flowchart Leasing Flowchart 2025
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 4, 2025
Urge Congress to oppose H.R. 521 and S. 220 the Senate companion to eliminate the Antiquities Act and strip Presidents of their authority to designate monuments that protect ou r natural resources and cultural heritage.
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 2, 2025
Led by Conservation Lands Foundation, in partnership with the Bureau of Land Management and an array of local and other groups, “Respect. Connect. Protect.” is a campaign to su pport enthusiastic, respectful and safe visits on National Conservation Lands. 
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 2, 2025
Durango, Colorado — Today, the Trump administration announced it will reopen the recently finalized Rock Springs, Wyoming Resource Management Plan (RMP), a blueprint that guides the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) management of nearly 3.6 million acres of public lands in southwestern Wyoming for the next two decades. Conservation leaders criticized the move, calling it a step backward that undermines years of public engagement, Tribal consultation, and science-backed planning.  The Rock Springs RMP, finalized just months ago, reflects over a decade of collaboration between local communities, Tribal nations, state officials, and federal land managers. Over 92 percent of public comments submitted during the draft stage supported conservation efforts within the plan, and the final plan reflected 85 percent of recommendations from the Wyoming Governor’s own task force. The plan strikes a meaningful balance—protecting the wild landscapes and migration corridors of Wyoming’s Northern Red Desert while leaving two-thirds of the acreage open to oil and gas development. Below is a statement from Charlotte Overby, Vice President of Conservation Field Programs of the Conservation Lands Foundation, which represents a national network of community advocates who are solely focused on the public lands overseen by the Bureau of Land Management, including the National Conservation Lands: “Reopening a carefully balanced plan that took more than a decade to develop is a glaring disservice to the people who shaped it. The Rock Springs Resource Management Plan incorporated extensive public input, respected the work of the Governor’s task force, and reflected what science, Tribal nations, and communities have been calling for: smart, modern, and carefully balanced land stewardship. People across Wyoming and the nation care deeply about how their public lands are managed. They showed up in this process, and their voices deserve to be respected—not sidelined. “The final plan protected irreplaceable values while still allowing oil and gas leasing in areas with production potential. For example, the plan protects the Northern Red Desert region, which is a critical cultural and ecological landscape and includes vast unfenced land home to iconic wildlife migrations, some of the most intact sagebrush steppe left in the West, and cultural resources sacred to Indigenous communities. Areas of critical environmental concern were appropriately designated to protect important resources and allow public access to these beloved landscapes. Reopening this process creates uncertainty, wastes taxpayer resources, and ignores the clear consensus of the people who live, work and recreate on these lands. “It’s deeply concerning that the notice to reopen the Rock Springs Resource Management Plan was published the same morning the federal government shut down. As a result, the agency has failed to take the required next step in the planning process–an immediate example of how the shutdown is already causing confusion in land management. This timing undermines transparency and meaningful public participation.” ### Contact: Kris Deutschman, kris@conservationlands.org
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 1, 2025
National monuments can help honor the historical, cultural, and natural stories of our country. We work to defend national monument protections and ensure these landscapes have strong conservation-focused management plans. Through our Monuments for All campaign, we strengthen public demand and policymaker support for current and new national monuments. 
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 1, 2025
Last weekend, I had the pleasure of celebrating National Public Lands Day with our amazing staff and Friends Network partners in New Mexico, Congressional champions, and public land enthusiasts in the community to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the National Conservation Lands. The contrast between public lands celebrations and today couldn't be starker. Today’s federal government shutdown marks the latest blow to unprotected public lands across the country. The shutdown, combined with Interior Secretary Doug Burgum’s plan to designate oil and gas permitting as "essential" and the administration’s threat to lay off thousands more federal employees, makes it clear that this administration prioritizes corporations over communities. Here's what they can't shut down: our resolve. Despite an administration historically opposed to public lands and conservation, our collective voice has been able to fight off every attempt to sell off public lands. That's the power of what we've built together—and it's why we can't stop now. In this newsletter, you'll find two urgent threats that need your voice right now, celebrations worth sharing, a tribute to our founding trustee Richard Moe, and ways to deepen your connection to this growing movement. Your action matters—let's get to work.
By Conservation Lands Foundation October 1, 2025
Washington, DC – Following the mass layoffs of federal employees within the Department of the Interior and the Bureau of Land Management earlier this year and ongoing moves to sell off America’s public lands, today’s federal government shutdown is another blow to the country’s remaining unprotected areas of nature.  Below is a statement from Chris Hill, Chief Executive Officer of the Conservation Lands Foundation, which represents a national network of community advocates who are solely focused on the public lands overseen by the Bureau of Land Management, including the National Conservation Lands: “We call upon Congress to uphold its responsibilities under the Constitution and pass a budget that keeps our public land management agencies intact and ensures that the administration executes the funding appropriated by Congress for public land management agencies accordingly. Anything less is a betrayal of our Constitution and the nation’s commitment to public lands, public service, and future generations. “What we have seen over the past nine months is a blatant effort to undermine and weaken the very institutions that safeguard our country’s remaining natural and wild places–our precious public lands and water sources that tell the story of America’s culture, help mitigate the climate crisis, prevent wildfires, protect wildlife corridors, and provide for outdoor recreation experiences that are supporting local economies. “Elected leaders behind this effort don’t care about the businesses and local communities that depend on access to these places to pay their bills. They don’t care about the wildlife that will be harmed after oil and gas companies desecrate this land. They don’t care about the families who hunt, fish, camp and recreate on this land, or the Indigenous communities for whom access to their ancestral lands is vital. In short, they’re showing us very clearly that they only care about the corporations who will benefit from privatizing public lands. “Roughly 200 million of the 245 million acres of nature and wildlife beyond and between the national parks and overseen by the Bureau of Land Management are not protected from mining, drilling, or other development, and both the government shutdown, Sec. Burgum’s plan to designate oil permitting as “essential”, and reported reductions in workforce set the stage for the administration to make good on its promise to sell off America’s remaining natural resources. “Congress must ensure that the integrity of the federal budget process is maintained, and that the Executive Branch spends what the Congress appropriates. Any other outcome is a threat to the integrity of our public lands and the agencies that manage them, and a clear effort by elected leaders who are hell bent on privatizing the country’s remaining public lands. ####
By Conservation Lands Foundation September 24, 2025
Twenty-five years ago, a bold vision took root—one grounded in people, place, and possibility. In 2000, the Department of Interior established the National Conservation Lands system, a remarkable system of protected public lands overseen by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) that has grown to encompass over 38 million acres across more than 900 extraordinary landscapes. As we celebrate a quarter-century of conservation triumphs and community-driven stewardship, we're delighted to share a new publication from the George Wright Society's Park Forum Journal: a special edition dedicated to the National Conservation Lands. This special issue of Parks Stewardship Forum , guest-edited by Conservation Lands Foundation staff, brings together voices from across our Friends Grassroots Network, the Bureau of Land Management, and the broader conservation community to celebrate the National Conservation Lands' remarkable diversity and BLM's innovative management philosophy. The research and insights gathered in this Park Forum Journal special edition offer both celebration of achievements and roadmaps for the future. Whether you're interested in the history of the National Conservation Lands system, partnership models, or the on-the-ground stories of stewardship success, these papers provide a deep dive into one of America's most dynamic land management systems. View the Park Forum Journal National Conservation Lands themed articles below:
Show More