A Virtual Visit to the California Desert’s Old Woman Mountains

Columba Quintero • September 25, 2020

The Chemehuevi and other Southern Paiute have thrived in the landscape of California’s Mojave Desert since time immemorial and consider it part of Nungwuh Tuhveep, the Southern Paiute homeland. In addition there are numerous Cahuilla, Serrano, Luiseño and other tribal communities in the area.


In celebration of California’s Native American Day, I’d like to tell you more about a particularly special place for the Southern Paiute and other local tribes. The Old Woman Mountains is a beautiful, majestic place located in the heart of the Mojave Desert. The Native American Land Conservancy is honored to care for a section of this wilderness: the Old Woman Mountains Preserve.


Continuing to care for and protect these public lands helps ensure access to sacred and ancestral sites —not just for today, but for future generations too. It also helps maintain important habitat for desert wildlife and native plants.


The Old Woman Mountains, traditionally known as Mamápukaib to the Paiute people, is a sacred landscape where the presence of the ancestors still remains. It is interconnected to the Salt Song Trail, a place that exists in the physical and supersensible (spiritual) worlds. This is manifested and transmitted through traditional songs, ceremonies, and rituals of the Chemehuevi people.


Today, the Native American Land Conservancy (NALC) helps manage the Old Woman Mountains, to preserve it as an undisturbed area where cultural continuity and tribal identity can flourish.

Michael Madrigal, President of the Native American Land Conservancy offers a prayer/blessing at a gathering at the Old Woman Mountain Preserve. Photo taken by Robert Paull.

Mamáukaib is a significant landscape that has year-round availability of water and a rich diverse habitat for many culturally important species. These animal species include deer, rabbit, eagles, quail, bats, desert tortoise, and bighorn sheep. The rights to hunt these animals and the areas they could be hunted in were passed down through songs. The ancestral song and oral history are still being passed on today as part of the Salt Song tradition.

Mr. Jack Rabbit listens to quails playing in the Creosote bush nearby. Photo taken at Coyote Hole near Joshua Tree National Park. Photo taken by Nicole A. Johnson.

The range was one of the most forested mountain ranges in the region and contains pine (ju'vimpa), juniper (wa'ap), and grapes (iyabisina-iyabi). Bighorn sheep (nagávuykutsi) also frequent the Old Woman Mountains.


Tribal cultural resources in the Old Woman Mountains and elsewhere in the California Desert are irreplaceable, and Site Stewards play a critical role in the preservation and protection of these resources. Active Site Stewardship ensures cultural resources are protected for future generations. We thank Jeff Johnson (pictured below) for his dedication, kindness and respect towards the lands and cultural and natural resources he helps us care for. At this time Site Stewards are volunteers with NALC, but we are working to secure funding for permanent positions.

Jeff Johnson, a Site Steward with Native American Land Conservancy, pictured in the Old Woman Mountains.

It’s important to learn about and celebrate native cultures, ways of knowing, and our relationships to public lands every day. Check out this map of North America to learn which native land(s) where you live, work, or recreate. I also encourage you to visit tribes’ websites and read their materials to learn more about ancestral and present connections to these lands.


About Native American Land Conservancy (NALC)

NALC’s mission is to acquire, preserve, and protect sacred ancestral lands. Focusing on aboriginal territory of tribes in present-day Southern California, the NALC protects and restores sacred sites and areas, provides educational programming for Native American youth and the general public, and conducts scientific studies on cultural, biological, and historical resources on sacred lands.


Our organization started in 1998 with leadership from an intertribal cultural group interested in protecting off-reservation sacred sites in the Southern California desert. Today, the NALC’s work is more important than ever as development continues in the Inland Empire, Coachella Valley, and Morongo Basin. Learn more: http://nativeamericanland.org/.

Congress building
By Conservation Lands Foundation December 2, 2025
Washington, D.C. — The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee heard five conservation bills, which will enact much-needed new protections for public lands in Colorado, Nevada and New Mexico. Below is a statement from Chris Hill, CEO of the Conservation Lands Foundation, which represents a national network of community advocates who are solely focused on the public lands overseen by the Bureau of Land Management, including the National Conservation Lands: “We thank the champions in the Senate who introduced and continue to move forward these important bills that protect the public’s access to nature and essential wildlife habitats, while supporting Tribal culture and economies. It’s heartening to see the Senate advance meaningful public lands policy with the bipartisan support we know exists with their constituents. These bills include: S. 1005 Southern Nevada Economic Development and Conservation Act, sponsored by Senators Cortez Masto and Rosen of Nevada. S.764 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy (CORE) Act, sponsored by Senators Bennet and Hickenlooper of Colorado. S. 1195 Pershing County Economic Development and Conservation Act, sponsored by Senator Rosen of Nevada. S. 1319 Pecos Watershed Withdrawal and S. 1476 M.H. Dutch Salmon Greater Gila Wild and Scenic River Act, both sponsored by Senators Heinrich and Luján of New Mexico. “These bills honor our collective commitments to strengthen our bonds with the lands we know and love and we urge the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee to ensure they are passed by the full Senate quickly.” ###
November 25, 2025
The holiday season is a time for gratitude for the people we love and the places that sustain us. This year, we invite you to celebrate by giving gifts that protect the public lands and waters we all treasure. Whether you're shopping for the outdoor enthusiast in your life or simply looking for a meaningful way to give, here are ways your generosity can help defend and protect nature.
November 25, 2025
Today, the future of public lands — our wildlife, water, and way of life — is under threat like never before. But, as with any darkness, there is always light, and that light shines through the people, organizations, and coalitions working with us to ensure clean water, healthy habitats, diverse wildlife, and thriving local economies. We believe deeply in the power of the people and the people are on our side. Your partnership powers real solutions. Our 2025 Impact Report shows what we were able to accomplish together. Click the image or button below to read our report.
mountains and forest
By Conservation Lands Foundation November 21, 2025
Patagonia, Adyen ask customers to protect public lands this holiday season
November 19, 2025
Washington — Six organizations sent a letter to the Acting Director of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), warning that at least 5,033 oil and gas leases — covering nearly 4 million acres — may now be legally invalid. The letter asks the agency to halt all new leasing and permitting until it “ensure[s] compliance with the law and remed[ies] this grave legal uncertainty.” Ultimately, Congress must fix the legal crisis it created. The letter details how Congress' unprecedented use of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to overturn BLM Resource Management Plans (RMPs) has called into question the legal efficacy of every land management plan finalized since 1996. These plans don't just guide management decisions; they enable everything that happens on public lands, from oil and gas drilling to recreation, grazing, and wildlife protection. If land use plans may now be invalid, then thousands of oil and gas leases and drilling permits issued under them may also be invalid Congress Was Warned About CRA Consequences When Republican members of Congress voted in October to use the CRA to overturn three RMPs in Alaska, Montana, and North Dakota, they ignored urgent warnings from conservationists, legal scholars, former BLM officials, and even some energy industry voices about the chaos this would unleash. The agency's own Solicitor’s Office cautioned that treating RMPs as “rules” could call into question the validity of every BLM plan since 1996 — along with the leases, grazing permits, rights-of-way, and other decisions based on those plans. Thirty leading law professors warned that this move could jeopardize “thousands of leases and management decisions across hundreds of millions of acres.” Former BLM leaders said overturning land-use plans under the CRA would “undermine the basis for authorizations” and create widespread legal uncertainty for energy developers, ranchers, and recreation permittees, threatening the integrity of the entire planning system. But Congress ignored these warnings — and is now moving ahead with even more CRA resolutions that will escalate the crisis. "By incorrectly treating land use plans as rules under the Congressional Review Act, Congress hasn't just overturned three plans — they've thrown every plan finalized since 1996, representing 166 million acres, into doubt. That mistake replaces a stable, science-based, community-driven system with needless chaos and uncertainty. It was lazy and irresponsible and is harmful to all land users," said Jocelyn Torres, chief conservation officer at the Conservation Lands Foundation. Along with the at least 5,033 existing leases, the legal uncertainty extends to future leasing. According to the letter, 69.8% of all BLM lands available for oil and gas leasing are managed under RMPs finalized after 1996 that were never submitted to Congress. BLM is currently evaluating 850 parcels totaling 787,927 acres across 14 upcoming lease sales on lands that may lack a valid RMP. This legal chaos affects far more than oil and gas. Land management plans for national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges finalized since 1996 may also be invalid, potentially calling into question grazing permits, timber sales, recreation authorizations, and wildfire management projects across hundreds of millions of acres nationwide. "Congress was warned repeatedly that weaponizing the CRA against land management plans would create exactly this kind of chaos. They charged ahead anyway, putting short-term political gain ahead of stable land management. Now they've jeopardized the very oil and gas development they claimed to be protecting. Congress must immediately fix the mess it made." said Alison Flint, senior legal director for The Wilderness Society . “Let’s be crystal clear: The Congressional Review Act is bad public policy. And it’s absolutely terrible public policy when used to overturn comprehensive public land planning decisions that radically reduces predictability for all public land users — in particular, as we have highlighted to the Bureau of Land Management, the oil and gas industry itself,” said Melissa Hornbein, senior attorney at the Western Environmental Law Center. “Congress lit the fuse on a legal time bomb that now calls into question the validity of thousands of oil and gas leases covering millions of acres as well as grazing permits and numerous other authorizations. But equally concerning, use of the CRA unravels decades of community-led land-use planning and throws into disarray the legal foundation for how our public lands are managed,” said Laird Lucas, executive director at Advocates for the West. “Congress’s use of the CRA to disapprove several Bureau of Land Management land use plans that were put in place following years of stakeholder and Tribal Nation input has sown confusion throughout the American West. This is not what Congress intended when it passed the CRA,” said Steve Bloch, legal director for the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance. “As one of the principal architects of this newest line of attack on public lands, Sen. Daines opened Pandora’s Box. Using the Congressional Review Act to wipe out years of local work on Resource Management Plans is unprecedented, and it puts rural economies at risk, including the oil and gas industry. Inserting Congress into these processes threatens to unravel the foundations of public resource management and dismantle the systems that communities, businesses, and Montanans rely on. Congress is heading down a reckless path, yet another example of the pattern of attacks we’re seeing out of Washington D.C. on one of the most foundational aspects of Montana’s way of life: our public lands and resources,” said Aubrey Bertram, Staff Attorney & Federal Policy Director at Wild Montana.
Congress with text
November 19, 2025
Washington, D.C. — The U.S. House last night used the Congressional Review Act to consider and pass three resolutions undermining public lands protections in three areas in Alaska and Wyoming. The three resolutions are: S.J. Res. 80 – disapproving of the ‘‘National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision’’. H.J. Res. 130 – disapproving of the ‘‘Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment’’. H.J. Res. 131 – disapproving of the ‘‘Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision’’. Below is a statement from Jocelyn Torres, Chief Conservation Officer of the Conservation Lands Foundation, which represents a national network of community advocates who are solely focused on the public lands overseen by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), including the National Conservation Lands: “Today’s action by the U.S. House is part of a series of coordinated attempts to roll back common sense management of public lands. It’s simple - America’s public lands should be managed for the public good. These resolutions undermine the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s authority to manage public lands for the benefit of all Americans, not just those who seek to buy up and close public lands to public access and benefit. “It is clear from the recent actions of this Congress to remove protections from key areas across the West that supporters of these actions are opponents of public lands. By removing the BLM’s authority to manage lands, these resolutions ensure that privatizing or industrializing them are the only viable remaining options. It’s a classic example of trying to solve a problem that was self-inflicted for the express purpose of achieving an outcome that benefits you. “We remain opposed to these one-sided, destructive attempts to roll back the clock on public lands protection and we’ll continue to work with members of the Friends Grassroots Network to oppose these obvious attempts to use public resources for private gain. We’ll continue to remind members of Congress that the overwhelming majority of Americans support responsible, effective, balanced management of the public lands.” ###
November 17, 2025
Rule repeal leaves irreplaceable wildlife habitat vulnerable to unchecked oil drilling, despite 300,000+ public comments in support of conservation
November 10, 2025
Members of Congress, local elected officials, Tribal leaders, outdoor industry executives, legal scholars and former BLM officials join calls for protecting public lands and preserving the Public Lands Rule.
Press Statement and Congress building
By Conservation Lands Foundation November 6, 2025
Oil Ties and Land-Sale Stance of Nominee for the Country’s Largest Public Lands Manager Threatens Local Communities and Agency’s 'Multiple-Use' Mandate
October 30, 2025
Washington, D.C. – The U.S. Senate voted today to approve a Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolution to dismantle the Bureau of Land Management’s Integrated Activity Plan that protects 13.3 million acres of irreplaceable public lands and waters in the Western Arctic (called the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA).  This legally-questionable use of the CRA will erase years of public engagement and scientific collaboration, overturning balanced management that supports Indigenous communities, wildlife, and the global climate. Once the U.S. House of Representatives passes it and the president signs it, as is expected, vast swaths of the Reserve will be open to expanded industrial oil and gas development, an action that directly undermines commitments to Tribal sovereignty, biodiversity, and climate resilience in one of the fastest-warming regions on Earth. Below is a statement from Jocelyn Torres, Chief Conservation Officer for the Conservation Lands Foundation: “Using the Congressional Review Act to undo protections in the Western Arctic is reckless and a deliberate attack on the Alaska Native communities that have cared for these lands for generations and were involved in establishing the framework that protects these lands. The Integrated Activity Plan represents years of collaboration between Tribes, local communities, scientists, and the American public to ensure the survival of vital and sensitive landscapes including Teshekpuk Lake and the Utukok Uplands. “Repealing this plan will further expose the region’s wildlife and people to devastating and irrevocable industrial impacts, all to serve short-term fossil fuel interests in a place already warming at four times the global average. It will also continue a dangerous new precedent that began earlier this month empowering Congress through the CRA to wreak havoc on how the public’s lands are managed across the country, jeopardizing the stability and predictability that communities and industries alike depend on. “The American people have made their priorities clear: they want clean air, safe water, and healthy public lands that future generations can enjoy. We will continue to stand with local communities and fight these extreme measures that decimate the natural environment that the people and wildlife of the Western Arctic depend on.” Background The National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA) is the largest unit of public land in the United States, encompassing nearly 23 million acres of critical habitat for caribou, polar bears, muskox, migratory birds, and fish. More than 40 Indigenous communities depend on the Reserve for subsistence and cultural practices that have persisted for millennia. In 2024, following extensive consultation with Alaska Native Tribes and corporations, the Biden administration finalized a rule restoring and strengthening protections for 13.3 million acres of Special Areas within the Reserve—Teshekpuk Lake, Utukok Uplands, Colville River, Kasegaluk Lagoon, and Peard Bay. This plan balanced subsistence needs with responsible land management and was widely supported by the public, with more than 250,000 comments favoring conservation. ###
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